Denim fabric is manufactured through a series of steps starting with cotton fibers, which are cleaned and spun into yarn. The warp yarns are dyed with indigo using rope or slasher dyeing, while the weft yarns usually remain white. These yarns are then woven together on looms in a twill weave pattern, producing the characteristic diagonal rib of denim. After weaving, the fabric undergoes finishing processes such as sanforization (pre-shrinking), mercerization, and softening to improve durability, shrink resistance, and comfort. Finally, denim may be treated with various washes, like stone wash or enzyme wash, to create different looks and textures.
